Demo SunGrid Energy: renewable portfolio day

Demo SunGrid Energy owns solar parks in the UAE and Jordan and sells power under long-term PPAs. It bills AED and JOD, buys inverters and modules in USD, earns renewable-energy certificates, and pays operators against availability and performance. OSERP connects plant assets, meter readings, PPA schedules, maintenance work, energy invoices, certificate sales, debt service, and management reporting.

1. Create plants, PPAs, and dimensions

Create legal companies SG-UAE and SG-JO, plants ALN-SOLAR-01 and MAFRAQ-SOLAR-01, and departments for generation, grid, maintenance, commercial, finance, and HSE. Dimensions include plant, inverter block, PPA, customer, certificate registry, and funding source.

Field	Demo value	Impact
Plant	ALN-SOLAR-01	Asset and operational boundary
PPA	DEWA-PPA-2026-01	Tariff, term, and billing
Contract price	AED 0.185 / kWh	Revenue calculation
Meter	MTR-ALN-001	Generation evidence
Availability guarantee	98.0%	Penalty and SLA calculation
Certificate type	I-REC	Separate environmental revenue
Inverter	INV-17	Maintenance and performance
Currency	AED / JOD / USD	FX and settlement
COD	01-Jan-2026	Depreciation and PPA start
Grid code	G-ALN-04	Compliance and outage evidence

The PPA header stores seller, buyer, plant, effective dates, tariff, escalation, currency, meter source, settlement period, imbalance rule, curtailment treatment, and tax. Never change an effective tariff on a posted settlement; create an amendment version.

2. Capture generation and validate meters

The daily generation run imports meter ID, reading time, opening kWh, closing kWh, gross generation, auxiliary consumption, export kWh, irradiance, curtailment, and source file ID. For 1,000,000 kWh exported at AED 0.185, energy revenue is AED 185,000 before tax or adjustments.

Validation checks monotonically increasing readings, duplicate timestamps, meter calibration, plant status, and grid acceptance. A negative or impossible reading remains rejected with reason and owner. A corrected reading references the original file and preserves the audit trail.

3. Generate the PPA invoice

The settlement header stores PPA, plant, period, currency, meter run, tax date, due date, buyer, and approval. Detail lines show delivered kWh, tariff, escalation factor, curtailment compensation, imbalance, tax, and revenue dimension. Posting debits PPA receivable and credits energy revenue and output tax.

If the buyer accepts only 980,000 kWh due to grid curtailment, the settlement displays delivered, curtailed, and compensated quantities separately. A dispute links the meter interval, grid instruction, and contract clause instead of editing the total.

4. Renewable certificates

The certificate register records plant, generation period, registry, certificate quantity, serial range, owner, transfer date, buyer, currency, and status. One MWh generates one certificate only after registry validation. A sale of 700 certificates at USD 4.20 creates USD 2,940 environmental revenue or liability according to the accounting policy.

Certificate issuance and sale must reconcile to eligible generation. Retirements for a corporate buyer change status to retired and prevent resale. The evidence pack includes registry statement, meter source, buyer contract, and retirement confirmation.

5. Maintenance and spare parts

Inverter INV-17 reports a fault. Create a P1 work order with asset, plant, fault code, safety isolation, technician, SLA, expected hours, and required module. Issue one inverter board from the plant warehouse by serial and batch. The stock movement records work order, asset, technician, and cost centre.

The completion record captures diagnosis, old part, new part serial, downtime, test result, photos, and return-to-service time. A warranty claim links supplier, asset, purchase, serial, failure, and reimbursement. Routine repair posts expense; a qualifying replacement may be capitalised as a component.

6. Availability and performance settlement

The monthly KPI run compares contracted availability to actual availability. If contracted availability is 98% and actual is 96.5%, the PPA penalty is calculated from the configured formula and downtime evidence. Exclude grid curtailment or force majeure only when the contract and approved event support it.

The operator invoice is matched to approved plant hours, availability, callouts, and parts. An unapproved overtime line becomes an exception. The project manager sees energy yield, performance ratio, downtime, spare consumption, and cost per MWh by plant.

7. Procurement, debt, and multi-currency

The procurement request for USD 40,000 of spare modules records plant, asset, specification, warranty, budget, required date, and funding source. Receipt captures serials, inspection, and landed cost. Supplier payment in USD posts realised FX; open USD payables are revalued at month end.

Project finance records loan drawdown, interest, covenants, repayment date, plant, and currency. Interest accrual and payment remain separate from operating generation cost. A covenant report links EBITDA, debt service, and PPA receivables to source ledgers.

8. Close and operational improvement

Close reconciles meter runs to PPA invoices, certificate registry to generation, plant inventory to counts, maintenance to assets, operator invoices, grid penalties, loans, tax, bank, FX, and depreciation. A plant cannot close while a high-severity outage or unapproved meter correction remains open.

KPI	Baseline	After OSERP discipline	Improvement
Meter-to-invoice reconciliation	2 days	2 hours	92% faster
PPA billing disputes	5.4%	1.2%	78% lower
Inverter mean-time-to-repair	36 hours	18 hours	50% faster
Certificate reconciliation	7 days	1 day	86% faster
Spare-stock accuracy	93%	99.2%	+6.2 points
Unexplained curtailment	4.1%	1.6%	61% lower

Practice challenge

Create a solar plant and PPA, import meter readings with one duplicate, generate a settlement, issue and sell certificates, repair an inverter with a warranty claim, calculate availability penalty, pay a USD supplier, and close the period. Explain every field, meter validation, asset movement, journal, FX result, certificate status, permission, and drill-down.

Related: Projects workflow, Inventory, Multi-currency settlement, Advanced GL Mapping, and API library.