Accounting and period close

Accounting work begins with the company, chart of accounts, currency, and period. The ledger structure and posting rules determine how operational activity appears in the books. A balanced report is necessary, but it does not by itself prove that the correct accounts or dates were used.

Prepare the accounts

Use Account Groups to organize accounts and Ledgers to maintain individual posting accounts. Review the classification and intended use with the person responsible for accounting policy. Link operational posting rules to the appropriate accounts before processing transactions.

GL Mapping at /settings/gl-mapping controls configured posting behavior. Review the applicable document/stage combination and account determination. A sale that has been operationally completed can still need investigation if its accounting stage failed.

Enter a journal

Open Journal Entry. Select the voucher type and date, enter a reference and narration where appropriate, and add ledger lines. Use a narration that explains the business event, not only a repetition of the amount.

The reviewed voucher normalizer requires at least two lines and a positive total debit. It totals base-currency debits and credits and rejects an imbalance greater than 0.01. A small difference up to that threshold is adjusted in the normalization logic; review the posted base values when reconciling foreign-currency rounding.

For foreign-currency lines, the exchange rate is required and must be greater than zero. The system resolves the company's base currency rather than assuming every company uses the same currency. A revaluation adjustment has special base-only handling; ordinary journal users should not substitute that for a normal foreign-currency transaction.

Review the transaction and use the permitted save/post workflow. Confirm its final status and trace the posted lines into General Ledger. Saving a form alone does not prove posting succeeded.

Understand the dates

Voucher date determines the accounting date. Document date can describe the original supporting document. Baseline date, due date, and value date serve different settlement or reporting purposes. Do not change the accounting date solely to make an overdue receivable appear current.

Payment terms determine expected settlement timing. Confirm whether an inherited term or a manually entered due date is responsible for the value on the document.

Allocate money to open items

Use Allocate Receipts for incoming settlements, Allocate Payments for outgoing settlements, and Allocate COD for supported courier cash-on-delivery reconciliation.

Select the correct partner, currency, and open documents. Allocate only the amount actually being settled. A payment record and allocation to an invoice are separate facts; an unallocated receipt can exist while an invoice remains open.

For a short courier payout, compare the collections covered, amount received, fees, and residual balance. Do not assume an unexplained difference is automatically a write-off.

Select the right report

Report	Question it helps answer
Trial Balance	What are the account balances at the selected point or period?
General Ledger	Which posted lines explain an account balance?
Day Book	What voucher activity occurred in the selected period?
Profit and Loss	What income and expense activity contributes to the result?
Balance Sheet	What asset, liability, and equity balances are represented?
Cash Flow	How does the configured report classify cash movement?
Customer / Supplier Statement	Which partner transactions and settlements explain the balance?
Tax Summary	What tax amounts are represented by the selected activity?

Use consistent filters when comparing reports. Exported data should be checked for its company, date range, currency, and status selection before sharing.

Posting periods and close

The reviewed period guard allows a date in an OPEN period and refuses dates in CLOSED or LOCKED periods. When a company has a calendar but no period covers the date, posting is refused. When no calendar exists at all, this guard is permissive. Therefore a business that needs period controls must actually configure and maintain its calendar.

A close routine should reconcile operational documents, stock, receivables, payables, cash/bank balances, tax, and adjustment journals before locking the period through the supported administration process. Keep approval evidence and report copies according to business policy.

Troubleshooting

For an imbalance, inspect line currencies, rates, and entered debit/credit values. For a period refusal, check the date and defined calendar. For a missing posting, inspect document status and posting messages before entering a replacement journal. For a wrong balance, drill to the contributing records rather than editing a master balance to force agreement.